Su Shi-A Renaissance Man of Song ChinaSu Shi (1037-1101), also known as

 

Su Shi-A Renaissance Man of Song ChinaSu Shi (1037-1101), also known as Su Dongpo, was a versatile genius of the Song dynasty. He was a poet, essayist, calligrapher, painter, gastronomer, pharmacologist, and politician. He is widely regarded as one of the most accomplished figures in classical Chinese literature and art.

Su Shi was born into a literary family in Meishan, Sichuan province. He passed the imperial examination at the age of 19 and began his official career. He served in various posts throughout China, often involving himself in political affairs. He was a vocal critic of the reformist policies of Wang Anshi, the prime minister under Emperor Shenzong. As a result, he was exiled three times to remote places, such as Huangzhou and Danzhou.

Despite his hardships, Su Shi remained optimistic and resilient. He used his exiles as opportunities to travel, write, and paint. He befriended many local people and scholars, and maintained correspondence with his family and friends. He also studied Buddhism and Taoism, and practiced meditation and alchemy.

Su Shi was a prolific writer who excelled in various genres. He wrote over 2,700 poems, 800 essays, and numerous letters, prefaces, and inscriptions. His poetry is known for its spontaneity, expressiveness, and originality. He wrote in both the shi and ci forms, creating many masterpieces such as the "Former and Latter Odes on the Red Cliffs" (前赤壁赋，后赤壁赋), which recount his boating trips with his friends on the Yangtze River and reflect on the vicissitudes of history. His essays are lucid, elegant, and witty, covering a wide range of topics such as history, philosophy, art, literature, food, medicine, and travel. His prose style is called "Su style" (苏体) and influenced many later writers.

Su Shi was also a skilled calligrapher and painter. He was adept at various calligraphic scripts, especially the running script (行书) and the cursive script (草书). His calligraphy is characterized by its forceful, vigorous, and graceful strokes. One of his famous works is the "Cold Food Observance" (寒食帖), a letter he wrote to his brother Su Zhe on the eve of the Tomb-Sweeping Festival. His painting style is called "literati painting" (文人书), which emphasizes the expression of the artists personality and mood rather than realistic representation. He mostly painted landscapes, bamboo, and plum blossoms with simple and bold brushwork.

Su Shi was a remarkable man who left a lasting legacy in Chinese culture. He was admired by his contemporaries and later generations for his talents, achievements, and character. He was also loved by the people for his generosity, kindness, and humor.

单词注音中文adept[ әdept ]adj. 熟练的, 老练的, 巧妙的 n. 能手, 内行alchemy[ ælkɪmɪ ]n. 炼金术, 魔力 [化] 炼丹术; 炼金术; 金丹术bold[ bәuld ]

adj. 大胆的 n. 粗体 [计] 粗体brushwork[ brʌʃwә:k ]n. 笔法, 绘画buddhism[ budizm ]n. 佛教calligrapher[ kәligrәfә ]n. 书法家

calligraphic[ .kæligræfik ]adj. 书法的calligraphy[ kәlɪgrәfɪ ]n. 笔迹, 书法classical[ klæsikl ]adj. 古典的, 正统派的, 经典的 [医] 古典的; 标准的, 典型的

correspondence[ .kɒrispɒndәns ]n. 相符, 通信, 信件 [医] 对应, 相对covering[ kʌvәriŋ ]n. 覆盖物, 掩蔽物 adj. 掩护的, 掩盖的 [计] 覆盖

critic[ kritik ]n. 批评家, 鉴定家cursive[ kә:siv ]adj. 草书的, 草书体的 n. 草书, 草书原稿despite[ dispait ]n. 轻视, 憎恨 prep. 虽然, 尽管

dynasty[ daɪnæstɪ ]n. 朝代, 王朝elegant[ eligәnt ]adj. 优雅的, 端庄的, 高雅的essayist[ eseiist ]n. 随笔作家, 评论家eve[ i:v ]

n. 前夕, 前夜examination[ ig.zæmineiʃәn ]n. 考试, 测验, 审查 [医] 检查, 诊察expressiveness[计] 可表达性forceful[ fɒ:sful ]

adj. 有力的, 强烈的, 有说服力的former[ fɒ:mә ]adj. 从前的, 前者的 n. 起形成作用的人(或物), 模型, 样板generosity[ .dʒenәrɒsɪtɪ ]n. 慷慨, 宽大

graceful[ greisful ]adj. 优美的history[ hɪstәrɪ ]n. 历史, 过去, 经历, 发展过程, 历史学, 过去的事, 历史记录 [计] 历史记录humor[ hju:mә ]

n. 幽默, 诙谐, 心情 vt. 迎合, 牵就, 顺应imperial[ impiәriәl ]adj. 帝王的, 宗主国的, 至尊的, 壮丽的 n. 特等品kindness[ kaindnis ]n. 仁慈, 亲切, 和蔼

latter[ lætә ]adj. 后者的, 较后的, 近来的legacy[ legәsɪ ]n. 祖先传下来之物, 遗赠物 [经] 遗产, 遗赠物literary[ lɪtәrәrɪ ]adj. 文学的, 文艺的, 精通文学的 [法] 文学的, 从事文学的, 从事写作的

literati[ .lɪtәrɑ:tɪ:]n. 文人（literatus的复数）；文学界literature[ litәrәtʃә ]n. 文学, 文艺, 著作 [经] 广告, 商品介绍等文学lucid

[ lu:sid ]adj. 明晰的, 清澈的, 透明的, 透彻的 [医] 清明的, 透明的, 清醒的meditation[ .mediteiʃәn ]n. 沉思, 冥想minister[ ministә ]

n. 部长, 牧师, 公使 vi. 服侍, 救助, 主持宗教仪式mood[ mu:d ]n. 心情, 气氛, 生气, 基调 [医] 心境mostly[ mәustlɪ ]adv. 大概, 大部分, 主要 [经] 大部份

numerous[ nju:mәrәs ]adj. 很多的, 数目众多的, 多数的 [机] 多数的, 甚多的observance[ әbzә:vәns ]n. 观察, 遵守, 仪式, 风俗习惯 [法] 遵守, 奉行, 惯例

optimistic[ .ɒptimistik ]adj. 乐观的, 乐观主义的, 乐天的originality[ ә.rɪdʒәnælɪtɪ ]n. 创意, 新奇, 独创能力, 原始painter[ peintә ]

n. 画家, 油漆匠 [机] 油漆匠, 喷漆匠personality[ .pә:sәnælɪtɪ ]n. 个性, 人格, (团体、地方、国家)特有特性, 名人 [医] 人格; 个性pharmacologist

[ .fɑ:mәkɒlәdʒist ]n. 药理学家, 药物学家 [医] 药理学家philosophy[ fɪlɒsәfɪ ]n. 哲学, 人生观, 哲学思想, 哲理, 基本原理, 见解, 达观, 沉着

plum[ plʌm ]n. 李子poet[ pәuit ]n. 诗人poetry[ pәuɪtrɪ ]n. 诗, 韵文, 诗歌艺术political[ pәlitikl ]adj. 政治的, 政治上的, 政党的, 从事政治的 [法] 政治的, 政治上的, 党派政治的

politician[ .pɒlitiʃәn ]n. 政客, 政治家, 从事党派政治的人 [法] 政客, 政治家prime[ praim ]n. 最佳部分, 初期, 全盛期 adj. 主要的, 最初的, 根本的 v. 加油启动, 灌注, 填装

prolific[ prәulifik ]adj. 有生殖力的, 多产的, 丰富的 [医] 多育的, 多产的, 繁殖的prose[ prәuz ]n. 散文 v. 写散文 adj. 散文的, 平凡的province

[ prɒvins ]n. 省, 地方, 职权, 领域 [法] 省, 地方, 领域range[ reindʒ ]n. 排, 行, 山脉, 范围, 行列, 射程 vt. 排列, 归类于, 使并列, 放牧 vi. 平行, 延伸, 漫游 [计] 量程; 范围; 域; 距离

rather[ ræðә ]adv. 宁可, 稍微, 相当realistic[ riәlistik ]adj. 现实的, 逼真的, 现实主义的, 实在论的recount[ rikaunt ]vt. 详述, 叙述, 重新计算 n. 重新计算

reflect[ riflekt ]vt. 反射, 反映, 招致, 深思 vi. 被反射, 映出, 深思, 考虑, 指责reformist[ rifɒ:mist ]n. 改良主义者, 改革者remarkable

[ rimɑ:kәbl ]adj. 不平常的, 值得注意的, 显著的remote[ rimәut ]adj. 遥远的, 偏僻的, 疏远的, 微少的 [计] 远程, 远程访问实用程序renaissance

[ rineisәns ]n. 复活, 复兴, 文艺复兴 adj. 文艺复兴的representation[ .reprizenteiʃәn ]n. 表示法, 表现, 陈述, 代表 [计] 表示法指定resilient

[ riziliәnt ]adj. 弹回的, 有弹力的 [医] 回弹的, 回能的spontaneity[ .spɒntәnɪ:ɪtɪ ]n. 自然发生, 自生, 自发style[ stail ]n. 风格, 时尚, 文体, 风度, 字体, 类型 vt. 称呼, (根据新款式)设计, 使合潮流 n. 风格, 样式 [计] 风格, 样式

such[ sʌtʃ ]adj. 如此的, 这样的taoism[ tauizm ]n. 道教throughout[ θru:aut ]adv. 到处, 贯穿全部地, 自始至终 prep. 遍及, 在各处 [计] 吞吐量

tomb[ tu:m ]n. 坟墓, 死亡 vt. 埋葬various[ vєәriәs ]adj. 不同的, 各种的, 多方面的, 许多的, 个别的, 杂色的 [法] 不同的, 种种的, 各式各样的versatile

[ vә:sәtail ]adj. 多才多艺的, 万用的, 万向的vigorous[ vigәrәs ]adj. 精力充沛的, 元气旺盛的, 茁壮的, 有力的vocal[ vәukl ]adj. 嗓音的, 声音的, 有声的, 歌唱的 n. 元音, 声乐作品

widely[ waɪdlɪ ]adv. 广泛地witty[ wɪtɪ ]adj. 富于机智的, 诙谐的yangtze[ jæŋtsɪ ]n. 长江, 扬子江

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