Unit 6 Conflict 第三章 Academic exploration 1

 

第二章 Academic exploration 1Reading & understanding二、Understanding the text1、Comprehension 11）Para.2答案：

The history of the concept of groupthink2）Para.3答案：Why groupthink occurs3）Para.4答案：What happens when groupthink occurs

4）Para.5答案：How to avoid groupthink5）Para.6答案：Research into the theory of groupthink6）Para.7答案：The summary of the concept

2、Comprehension 21）A.True2）B.False3）B.False4）A.True5）B.False6）B.False三、Language focus 1、Vocabulary learning

(划拉两下即可) 2、Words in use(可以拖动选项到横线上，非原型的要注意改一下)1）conducive2）appraisal3）consensus4）notoriously5）discredit

6）empirical7)  contentious8)  override3、Translation1）该研究探讨了群体思维概念与高凝聚力群体、寻求一致性、促进型领导力等变量之间的关系2）在商业环境中，管理者必须警惕群体思维或者下面这种倾向：有凝聚力的群体因过于在乎内部团结而不能批判性地、实事求是地评估自己的设想和决策。

3）在大数据技术的帮助下，该企业的主管可以依据对机会和错误的最佳估计，做出明智的定价判断。4）一些高层管理者更致力于维持现状，特别是维持其所在机构的现有战略和领导形象。

Thinking & exploring一、Interpreting the text1、Interpreting the text1）How is groupthink defined in the text?

答案：The term was coined by William H. Whyte Jr. in 1952. He argues that groupthink has a detrimental effect on a groups ability to make decisions. Then, the Yale psychologist Irving Janis did initial research into groupthink and defined that groupthink occurs when concurrence-seeking becomes so dominant in a cohesive ingroup that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. That is to say, groups often become so obsessed with maintaining a harmonious relationship that they lose the ability to objectively evaluate alternative viewpoints.

2）According to Para. 3, what are the three main causes of groupthink?答案：The three main causes of groupthink are strong cohesiveness, closed leadership styles, and high-stakes situations.

3）How do you understand "high-stakes situations" mentioned in Para. 3?答案：High-stakes situations refer to those that involve a lot of risks or serious consequences. In such situations, people are more stressed and wary of the consequences of upsetting the status quo, and thus they become more cautious than usual about voicing their views in group decision-making.

4）According to Para. 5, in what aspects is the role of the leader key in the effort to avoid groupthink?

答案：To avoid groupthink, the role of the leader is key in the following aspects. First, the leader is responsible for creating an environment where the group feels free to work without fear of judgment from the leader. Second, the leader should seek effective ways to allow for varying perspectives to emerge, such as setting up several independent groups working on the same problem, if resources allow.

5）Why does the author cite the three sources—Erdem (2003), Dimitroff et al. (2005) and Scharff (2005)—in Para. 6?

答案：The author cites the three sources to show that despite the lack of empirical data, there is still evidence to indicate the existence of groupthink.

6）What is the authors attitude toward groupthink?答案：The author acknowledges the effect of groupthink in decision-making and the position of groupthink in management and psychology. And at the same time, he or she emphasizes the validation of the concept in further research.

三、Getting the skill1、Creating flow charts视频中选择题的答案是：A2、Practicing the skill 11）Janis (1971)2）To provide a definition of a key term

3）Janis (1972)4）To summarize a theory5）Janis (1971)6）To provide a definition of a key term7）Erdem (2003)

8）To support a claim9）Dimitroff et al. (2005)10）To support a claim11）Scharff (2005)12）To support a claim

3、Practicing the skill 21）Michaelsen et al., 1989 & Pease et al., 1993答案：To support or refute a claim or argument

2）Wagstaff, 2002答案：To provide a definition of a key term3）Kelley, 2002答案：To support or refute a claim or argument

4）Dowling & St. Louis, 2000答案：To provide a definition of a key term5）Andersen & Fagerhaug, 2000答案：To support or refute a claim or argument

6）Burdett, 2000答案：To summarize theories and hypotheses(有什么建议或者意见，欢迎大家在后台发给我，谢谢大家

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