Unit 4 Space Exploration

 

Unit 4 Space Exploration  Words and Expressions

Reading and Thinking

英汉对照SPACE: THE FINAL FRONTIER太空：最后的边境“Are we alone? Whats out there?” Looking up at the stars, people have always wanted to learn more about space, and scientists work hard to find answers. They make vehicles to carry brave people into space to find out the secrets of the universe. 

They also really wish to discover other planets that are suitable enough to support life.“我们是否孤独？太空以外是什么？” 仰望星空，人们一直想更多地了解太空，科学家们也在努力寻找答案。

他们制造运载勇敢的人儿进入太空的交通工具来探索宇宙的秘密他们也非常希望发现其他适合生命存在的行星Before the mid-20th century, most people felt travelling into space was an impossible dream. However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 。

After many experiments, they succeeded in making rockets that could escape Earths gravity. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was lunched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to go into space. Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, “Thats one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.” Following this, many more goals were achieved. For example, Americas NASA space agency launched Voyager 1 on 5 September 1977 to study deep space, and it still transmits data today.

在20世纪中叶之前，大多数人都认为进入太空是不可能实现的梦想然而，一些科学家决意要帮助人类实现探索太空的梦想经过多次实验，他们成功制造出能逃脱地球引力的火箭1957年10月4日，苏联发射了人造卫星“旅伴一号”，并成功环绕地球运行。

此后，苏联将重点放在将人类送入太空，1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人八年后的1969年7月20日，美国宇航员尼尔·阿姆斯特朗登上月球，他说过一句名言：“对一个人来说，这是一小步；对于人类来说，这是一次巨大飞跃。

”在此之后，又实现了更多的目标例如，国家航空与航天局于1977年9月5日发射了“旅行者一号”，用于研究外太空，如今它仍在传输数据Although scientists try to make sure nothing goes wrong, accidents can still happen.

 All the astronauts on the USSR’s Soyuz 11 and Americas Challenger died during their missions. These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed , but the desire to explore the universe never died. This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. An example of this ongoing work is the International Space Station. It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space.

尽管科学家努力确保万无一失，但是意外还是可能发生苏联“联盟11号”和美国“挑战者”号航天飞机上的所有宇航员都在执行任务时死亡这些灾难让每个人都感到悲伤和失望，但是探索宇宙的渴望却从未停止过是因为人们坚信太空探索的重要性，哪怕面临巨大的风险。

仍在工作的一个例子是国际空间站它绕地球运转，并有来自不同国家的宇航员在宇宙飞船上，为太空提供了持续的人类存在Chinas space programme started later than those of Russia and the US, but it has made great progress in a short time. China became the third country in the world to independently send humans into space in 2003, when Yang Liwei successfully orbited Earth in the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft. Then Shenzhou 6 and 7 completed a second manned orbit and the first Chinese spacewalk, followed by the vehicle Jade Rabbit being sent to the moon to study its surface. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou1 to dock with it. This signalled one step further in Chinas plan to establish a space station in the future. More recently, China has sent Change 4 to explore the surface of the far side of the moon to make measurements and observations.

中国的太空计划起步晚于俄罗斯和美国，但中国在短时间内取得了巨大进展2003年，杨利伟乘坐神舟五号成功绕地球飞行，中国成为世界上第三个实现载人航天的国家此后，神舟六号和七号分别完成了第二次载人飞行以及中国人的第一次太空行走，随后，“玉兔”月球车被送上月球研究其表面。

之后，中国将天宫二号空间实验室送入太空，天舟一号与其交会对接这标志着中国在未来建立空间站的计划又向前迈进了一步最近，中国发射嫦娥四号探测月球背面，以进行测量和观察The future of space exploration remains bright. 

Europe, the US, and China all have plans to further study and explore planets like Mars and Jupiter. Despite the difficulties, scientists hope future discoveries will not only enable us to understand how the universe began, but also help us survive well into the future.

太空探索的未来依然光明欧洲、美国和中国都计划进一步研究和探索火星和木星等行星尽管困难重重，科学家们希望未来的发现不仅能让我们了解宇宙的起源，而且还能帮助我们更好地在未来生存Reading for Writing。

英汉对照IS EXPLORING SPACE A WASTE OF TIME AND MONEY?探索空间是否浪费时间和金钱？Countries around the globe are spending billions of dollars and lots of time on various space missions, whether to Mars or other planets much further away. Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. Instead, we should feed the worlds poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and fatal diseases. However, others feel this is a shallow view which fails to realise how exploring space helps us.

无论是去火星还是其他更遥远的星球，世界各国都在花费数十亿美元和大量时间在各种太空使命上有人认为我们应该停止浪费时间和金钱来探索太空相反，我们应该为世界上的穷人提供食物，并立即解决其他问题，例如污染和致命疾病。

然而，其他人则认为这是一个肤浅的观点，没有意识到探索太空对我们的帮助Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. A number of the satellites record data on land and weather patterns. Then the data is transmitted to scientists on Earth. After careful analysis, the scientists can provide useful recommendations and advice for farmers. As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to grow enough food to feed Earths increasing population.

首先，探索空间在在消除世界饥饿的斗争中发挥了作用它直接影响现在绕地球飞行的许多卫星许多卫星记录着陆地和天气模式的数据然后，这些数据被传送到地球上的科学家经过仔细分析，科学家们可以为农民提供有用的建议因此，太空技术帮助农业努力种植足够的食物来养活地球上不断增长的人口。

Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of advanced technology which was first created to meet the requirements for space exploration. For example, space technologies have helped the research and development of different types of new material. They have also helped companies make better heart monitors and other machines that doctors regularly use. Today, space technologies are widely used in all kinds of industries, and everyday products such as GPS, memory foam pillows, and smartphone cameras are changing our lives.

其次，太空探索促进了造福于我们所有人的技术进步由于先进的技术首次被提出以满足太空探索的需求，因此现在世界各地的高端产品都达到了更高的标准例如，空间技术有助于研究和开发不同类型的新材料它们还帮助公司制造了更好的心脏检测仪和医生经常使用的其他仪器。

如今，太空技术已广泛应用于各个行业，并且诸如全球定位系统、记忆泡沫枕头和智能手机相机之类的日常用品正在改变我们的生活Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the worlds problems and even to find ways to solve them. Seeing pictures of our planet as an island in a black sea made people realise that our planets resources are limited. In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. The greatest attention at present is on Mars because it is closer to Earth. In the future, humans may live on both planets.

最后，将宇航员送入太空帮助人们思考世界上的问题，甚至找到了解决问题的方法看到我们的星球在黑海中作为一个岛屿的照片让人们意识到我们星球的资源是有限的为了满足如此迅速增长的人口，科学家们正在努力寻找其他行星，这些星球将来可能成为我们的新家。

目前最受关注的是火星，因为它离地球更近在未来，人类可能生活在两个星球上In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to peoples short-term and long-term problems.

最后，探索太空为世界带来许多不同的好处因此，它应该继续下去，以便为人们的短期和长期问题提供新的和更好的解决方案Video TimeExploring Mars火星探索关闭观看更多更多正在加载正在加载退出全屏

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视频详情 Mars is truly a fascinating planet for those of us here on Earth. As our nearest planetary neighbour, it is one of the few planets that we can see with the naked eye. Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun and the second smallest planet in the solar system. It is about half of the size of Earth and is often referred to as the Red Planet because of its red surface.

The Red Planet has the largest volcano in the solar system—Olympus Mons, which is roughly 27 kilometres high. That s about three times as high as Mount Qomolangma. Mars also has deepest longest valley in the solar system—valles Marineris.

Mars has seasons like Earth, but the seasons on Mars are twice as long as the seasons on Earth. Mars also has an atmosphere, but it is very thin and made upmostly of carbon dioxide. Because of its thin atmosphere and greater distance from the Sun. Mars is much colder than Earth. However, Mars does have weather,with clouds and winds. The dust storms of Mars can grow so big that sometimes they blanket the entire planet and last for months. The poles on Mars are a lot like Antarctica, capped by ice, but much of Mars’s ice is made from carbon dioxide, not water.

The similarities and differences between Earth and Mars raise many questions: Is Mars the past or the future of Earth? How did it become a mostly barren planet? Many scientists believe that studying Mars can help us answer some of the key questions about our planet Earth, or even the universe.

Missions to Mars have never been easy. Since 1960, more than half of all attempted Mars missions have failed. The USA, Russia, the European Space Agency, and several other countries have lost many spacecraft in their quest to explore the Red Planet. Nevertheless, they will still continue their explorations. Chinese experts are confident about their plan to explore Mars, despite the many challenges.Launching the first Mars probe from Wenchang around 2020 is the first step.

The Chinese Mars probe consists of three parts: the orbiter, the lander, and the rover. This 3D demonstration video made by the China Academy of SpaceTechnology shows the 10-month fight of the Mars probe before it closes in on the Red Planet.

Entering the Earth-mars transfer orbit, the Mars probe separates from the launch vehicle. Then the space-t

o-ground communications link is created. Controllers on Earth guide it into the orbit around Mars. After collecting detailed information about the landing area, the probe is ready for the landing. The orbiter and the lander separate. The orbiter stays in the orbit for at least a year to photograph key areas and monitor the planets environment, while the lander heads down to the surface of Mars. Nine kilometres above the planet, a large parachute opens to slow the landingcraft as it falls. After discarding the protective shield and the parachute,the lander chooses a safe place to land, where the Martian rover can start operations, collecting and transmitting data back to Earth. After receiving its orders from Earth, the rover leaves the landing point and begins to explore the surface of Mars.

This voyage of China’s first Mars probe is just the beginning of China’s deeper voyages into outer space. China will continue to explore strange new worlds, seeking answers to the mysteries of the universe.

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