英文题目：The relationship between science and technology,摘要：科学，技术和创新都代表了高度相互

英文题目：The relationship between science and technology,摘要：科学，技术和创新都代表了高度相互依存但截然不同的一系列更大类别的活动科学至少以六种方式为技术做出了贡献：（1）新知识是新技术可能性的直接思想来源； （2）工具和技术的来源，用于更有效的工程设计以及评估设计可行性的知识库； （3）研究仪器，实验室技术和研究中使用的分析方法，最终通过中级学科进入设计或工业实践； （4）研究的实践是发展和吸收新的人类技能和能力的来源，最终对技术有用； （5）创建知识基础，该知识基础在技术评估方面变得更加重要的社会和环境影响变得越来越重要； （6）知识基础，可以实现新技术的应用研究，开发和完善的更有效策略。

技术对科学的相反影响至少至少具有同等的重要性：（1）通过提供新颖的科学问题的肥沃来源，从而有助于证明有效，及时解决这些问题所需的资源的合理性，从而扩展了这些问题科学议程； （2）作为其他不可用的仪器和技术的来源，可以更有效地解决新颖和更困难的科学问题。

讨论了这些双向互动中每一个的具体示例由于科学与技术之间的许多间接和直接联系，潜在社会利益的研究组合比仅查看科学与技术之间的直接联系所暗示的更广泛，更多样化Abstract: Science, technology and innovation each represent a successively larger category of activities which are highly interdependent but distinct. Science contributes to technology in at least six ways: (1) new knowledge which serves as a direct source of ideas for new technological possibilities; (2) source of tools and techniques for more efficient engineering design and a knowledge base for evaluation of feasibility of designs; (3) research instrumentation, laboratory techniques and analytical methods used in research that eventually find their way into design or industrial practices, often through intermediate disciplines; (4) practice of research as a source for development and assimilation of new human skills and capabilities eventually useful for technology; (5) creation of a knowledge base that becomes increasingly important in the assessment of technology in terms of its wider social and environmental impacts; (6) knowledge base that enables more efficient strategies of applied research, development, and refinement of new technologies.

The converse impact of technology on science is of at least equal importance: (1) through providing a fertile source of novel scientific questions and thereby also helping to justify the allocation of resources needed to address these questions in an efficient and timely manner, extending the agenda of science; (2) as a source of otherwise unavailable instrumentation and techniques needed to address novel and more difficult scientific questions more efficiently. Specific examples of each of these two-way interactions are discussed. Because of many indirect as well as direct connections between science and technology, the research portfolio of potential social benefit is much broader and more diverse than would be suggested by looking only at the direct connections between science and technology.

来源期刊：Research Policy，1994年参考文献格式：Harvey Brooks,The relationship between science and technology,Research Policy,Volume 23, Issue 5,1994,Pages 477-486,ISSN 0048-7333,

https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(94)01001-3.

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